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The IR emitter LED continuously emits infrared. When any object comes within the range, some amount of infrared reflects from the object’s surface and that reflected infrared can be detected by the IR receiver LED.
The LM358 compares the voltage across the IR receiver LED with the predefined value. When any motion is detected the voltage across the IR receiver crosses the predefined value, so the output pin (pin 1) of LM358 becomes high.
The clock pin (Pin-14) of CD4017 IC is connected to the output pin of LM358. So when any motion is detected, the 4017 IC receives a clock pulse and changes the current state of Pin-2.
The Pin-2 of CD4017 is connected with the base of the BC547 NPN transistor, So when the Pin-2 becomes high the transistor turns on.
When the transistor turns on, the current can flow through the relay coil. So the load connected with the relay also turns on.
When the IR LEDs detect any motion the second time, it sends the next clock pulse to CD4017 IC. Then the Pin-2 becomes low.
If the Pin-2 becomes low, the transistor turns off, and accordingly the load connected with the relay also turns off.
IR发射器LED持续发射红外线。当任何物体进入该范围内时,物体表面会反射一定量的红外线,红外线接收器LED可以检测到反射的红外线。
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